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Glossary

Philosophy Care Glossary

Glossary of Rehabilitation and Medical Related Terms | Philosophy Care

A special form of health care that focuses on helping patients recover skills required for daily living that may have been lost or impaired as the result of a disease or injury.

Rehabilitation Services | Philosophy Care Centers

An important part of childhood development in which a toddler learns to use the bathroom on their own on a potty and properly clean up afterward.

Self-care from Potty Training to Hygiene | Philosophy Care Centers

The ability to complete daily tasks in order to take care of oneself through the combined use of motor skills, social skills, and cognitive skills.

Self-care Skills | Philosophy Care Centers

A speech disorder causing the disruption of speech in the form of repeated letters or syllables, abnormal pauses, or fragmented words.

Stuttering | Philosophy Care Centers

Skills used to control emotions and behaviors in an acceptable manner. Self-regulation refers to the ability to monitor our own behaviors and judge them in relation to our own standards as well as societal standards. 

Self-regulation Abilities | Philosophy Care Centers

A form of therapy offered to patients who struggle with everyday mobility such as running or walking, utilizing stairs, and transfers of balance for sitting and standing.

Progressive mobility, transfers and gait training | Philosophy Care Centers

A condition that makes it difficult for a person to make the proper sounds needed to communicate with others, making it difficult for them to be understood.

Speech Disorders | Philosophy Care Centers

A child’s ability to feed themselves using utensils and other related feeding skills such as swallowing as it relates to the introduction of new foods.

Self-feeding | Philosophy Care Centers

A skill that contributes to a person’s ability to interact with others through social communication. 

Social Language | Philosophy Care Centers

Spinal cord disease can take place in many different forms due to the complex function and organization of the spinal cord itself. 

Spinal Cord Disease | Philosophy Care Centers

A procedure that involves altering the organs or tissues in the body by manually cutting or stitching.

Surgery | Philosophy Care Centers

The production of sound through the vibration of vocal cords in conjunction with the lungs, larynx, and syrinx. 

Voice

The ability to accurately register and interpret sensory input in the environment in order to guide behavioral decisions. 

Sensory Processing | Philosophy Care Centers

The process of keeping a tracheostomy, or trach, tube clean in order to avoid infection following a tracheostomy procedure. 

Tracheostomy Care | Philosophy Care Centers

A treatment that is provided to patients who are unable to breathe properly on their own, usually following a surgical procedure relating to the heart. 

Ventilatory Therapy | Philosophy Care Centers

The ability to enunciate and accurately pronounce complex verbalized words. 

Articulation | Philosophy Care Centers

The inability to pronounce words correctly as a result of impaired or delayed speech development.

Articulation Disorders | Philosophy Care Centers

The process of preparing a patient’s body to function properly without the use of a tracheostomy, or trach, tube.

Tracheostomy Weaning | Philosophy Care Centers

A presentation of the neurological condition known as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder which is categorized by behavioral problems such as difficulty following direction, completing tasks, and the inability to focus. 

Attention Deficit Disorder | Philosophy Care Centers

A short-lived illness, or flare-up of an existing illness, affecting airways and other lung structures that is characterized by a sudden and intense onset of symptoms. 

Acute Respiratory Disease | Philosophy Care Centers

pnea occurs when an individual’s breathing is paused during sleep. 

Apnea Monitors | Philosophy Care Centers

This condition occurs when the brain or body loses its oxygen supply completely, typically as a result of hypoxia. Anoxia of the brain is particularly harmful and can lead to permanent brain damage after just four to five minutes of oxygen deprivation. 

Anoxia | Philosophy Care Centers

Rehabilitation that is provided to individuals following the loss of a limb or other part of the body. Amputation therapy aims to help amputees regain their independence and enhance their quality of life through individualized treatment. 

Amputation Therapy | Philosophy Care Centers

A progressive cognitive disorder that causes degeneration of the brain’s ability to think and function clearly. This form of dementia is this most common among mature adults however there are many different possible causes.

Alzheimer | Philosophy Care Centers

The growth of abnormal cells, also called a mass, located in the brain. This type of growth is often malignant, or cancerous, however, it can also be benign, or noncancerous. 

Brain Tumor | Philosophy Care Centers

An endovascular procedure that removes plaque and restores blood flow through the affected artery, commonly the coronary, carotid, or peripheral artery. 

Angioplasty | Philosophy Care Centers

Birth defects in the form of either structural or functional anomalies that are the result of problems with fetal development prior to birth.

Congenital Abnormalities | Philosophy Care Centers

A condition that someone is born with which affects the way their heart functions. Congenital Heart Defects can disrupt the blood’s ability to flow from the heart to the rest of the body. 

Congenital Heart Defects | Philosophy Care Centers

A disruption to the brain’s typical neuronal activity. There are many different causes, types, and levels of severity when it comes to brain injuries.

Brain Injuries | Philosophy Care Centers

Damage to the brain that typically occurs as the result of an injury, disorder, or the use of certain drugs. Symptoms include loss of consciousness, disorientation, and the impairment of certain brain functions related to consciousness. 

Brain Dysfunction | Philosophy Care Centers

A breathing disorder that disrupts the normal development of an infant’s lungs due to irritation.

BPD (Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia) | Philosophy Care Centers

Damage to a network of nerves anchored in the cervical spine which controls the signals that are sent to the shoulder, arms, and hands.

Brachial Plexus Injury | Philosophy Care Centers

When the heart stops beating properly, preventing the circulation of blood to the rest of the body. 

Cardiac Arrest | Philosophy Care Centers

njury to skin tissue as a result of exposure chemicals, radiation, electricity, fire, bursts of steam, and more. Burns can range in severity and are categorized into first, third, and second degrees accordingly. 

Burns | Philosophy Care Centers

The mental process relating to one’s capability of acquiring and perceiving knowledge. 

Cognitive | Philosophy Care Centers

A birth that takes place prior to the start of the 37th week of pregnancy is considered to be premature and puts the newborn at risk for serious medical complications. 

Complications of Prematurity | Philosophy Care Centers

The uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells which invade healthy tissues in either one location or throughout the body. These abnormal cells tend to grow rapidly, crowding other healthy cells sometimes driving the development of tumors. 

Cancer | Philosophy Care Centers

A group of non-progressive syndromes that cause spasticity, ataxia, impaired voluntary movement, or involuntary movement.

Cerebral Palsy | Philosophy Care Centers

A painful bacterial infection of the skin or tissue with the ability to spread throughout the body including the lymphatic channels. Symptoms of the affected area include inflammation, redness, tenderness, and warmth. 

Cellulitis | Philosophy Care Centers

When the heart cannot pump blood to the body as well as it’s supposed to as the result of certain conditions that cause the heart to weaken over time. 

Congestive Heart Failure | Philosophy Care Centers

Equipment intended to be used for treating musculoskeletal system injuries or preventing existing injuries from worsening. 

Orthopedic Devices and Interventions | Philosophy Care Centers

A type of treatment that delivers oxygen to the lungs through tubes placed in the nostrils, trachea, or windpipe, or a face mask. 

Oxygen Therapy | Philosophy Care Centers

The strength, coordination, and ability to move muscles in the mouth, jaw, tongue, lips, and cheeks. These skills are critical for completing tasks related to feeding as well as speech and communication through facial expression.

Oral Motor Skills | Philosophy Care Centers

The collection and interpretation of a range of data including anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, and dietary data that is utilized to determine whether or not an individual is well nourished.

Nutrition Assessments | Philosophy Care Centers

A common metabolic disease in which a person is considered to be dangerously overweight. Obese individuals are at risk of developing numerous health complications such as diabetes mellitus, heart disease, and stroke. 

Obesity | Philosophy Care Centers

A medical specialty centered on the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory system disorders and diseases.

Pulmonology | Philosophy Care Centers

A toddler’s ability to interact with and make connections between objects that is critical to healthy development. 

Play Skills with Toys | Philosophy Care Centers

The prevention of postoperative complications and the promotion of proper healing meant to help patients return to a preoperative state of health.

Post Surgical Care | Philosophy Care Centers

A type of therapy designed to aid the maintenance of sufficient tissue oxygenation and minimize the effort put forth by the heart and lungs.

Oxygen Administration | Philosophy Care Centers

Disorders affecting the nerves that control muscles in the body causing them to become weak and eventually wear away. 

Paralyzing or Neuromuscular Diseases | Philosophy Care Centers

A child’s ability to voluntarily engage in activities with other children through a shared interest in something such as a toy or game.

Play Skills with Peers | Philosophy Care Centers

Fitness plans that are designed based on the specific needs, genetic factors, and physical abilities of an individual. 

Personalized Exercise Programs | Philosophy Care Centers

Damage to the skin that results from a combination of the compression of tissue and the insufficient passage of fluid through the circulatory or lymphatic system.

Pressure Ulcers | Philosophy Care Centers

The ability to receive and understand messages and information obtained through various forms of communication. 

Receptive Language | Philosophy Care Centers

The combined effort of diagnostic testing, medication, and medical treatments under the supervision of a physician in an attempt to prevent recurring seizures.

Seizure Management | Philosophy Care Centers

A surgical procedure in which a hole is created in the neck and a tube is placed in to create an air passage and to aid in breathing. This is done when the airway becomes obstructed or reduced in some way. 

Critical Airways (Tracheostomy) | Philosophy Care Centers

Stages of development can vary greatly depending upon each individual child however, there are certain speech and language milestones parents and doctors can expect to see from a normally developing child.

Delayed Speech or Language Development | Philosophy Care Centers

A therapy or treatment option for individuals living with sleep apnea. Constant Positive Airway Pressure keeps the airway from collapsing during sleep.

Constant Positive Airway Pressure | Philosophy Care Centers

A genetic disease that inhibits an individual’s ability to breathe over time through consistent lung infections. Cystic Fibrosis is caused by mutations in the CFTR gene not allowing the CTFR protein to function correctly.

Cystic Fibrosis | Philosophy Care Centers

Tests and procedures utilized to confirm the presence of a condition, monitor existing conditions, and evaluate and monitor treatment. Diagnostic testing can either be invasive, such as surgical procedures, or non-invasive, such as medical imaging. 

Diagnostic Testing | Philosophy Care Centers

The ongoing deferral of a child’s ability to reach developmental milestones along with their peers. Developmental delays can affect motor, language, social, behavioral, and cognitive skills and can be traced to various causes. 

Developmental Delay | Philosophy Care Centers

A common form of Alzheimer’s Disease that causes the progressive loss of important brain functions such as memory and language.

Dementia | Philosophy Care Centers

A lifelong disorder marked by the inability to execute sensory and motor tasks. Symptoms can range from poor balance and issues with vision to inadequate social skills, issues with behavior, and difficulty with reading, writing, and speech. 

Developmental Dyspraxia | Philosophy Care Centers

Skills used to convey wants, needs, and thoughts through communications such as speaking, gestures, writing, vocalizations, and facial expressions. 

Expressive Language

A disorder of the brain that is characterized by recurring seizures and loss of consciousness. Epilepsy can occur as a result of either congenital or acquired causes.

Epilepsy | Philosophy Care Centers

A disease in which the white and gray matter of the brain to become inflamed causing the brain to swell. Encephalitis is caused by the presence of a virus or bacteria in the body and is often linked to meningoencephalitis. 

Encephalitis | Philosophy Care Centers

The ability to utilize the muscles in the hands and upper extremities to accomplish tasks that require small movements. These movements tend to occur naturally and require coordination between the brain and muscles of the body.  

Fine Motor Skills | Philosophy Care Centers

A brain injury that is caused by a restricted oxygen supply to the brain which can lead to the impairment or death of brain cells. A Hypoxic Brain Injury can lead to short/long-term loss of consciousness depending on how long the brain was without oxygen. 

Hypoxic Brain Injury | Philosophy Care Centers

A method of providing nutrition to children who have difficulties eating through a gastrostomy tube.

G-tube Feedings | Philosophy Care Centers

An abbreviation for the Human Immunodeficiency Virus, a virus that attacks the body’s immune cells inhibiting the ability to successfully fight off other infections. 

HIV/AIDS | Philosophy Care Centers

A method of administering fluids or medicine through a needle which is inserted into a vein, often in the arm.

Intravenous | Philosophy Care Centers

A genetic disorder in which a baby is born with either a full or partial extra copy of the chromosome 21 gene.

Down Syndrome | Philosophy Care Centers

Medical care provided during the final stages of a terminally ill person’s life in order to increase their quality of life as much as possible.

Hospice | Philosophy Care Centers

An operation in which an individual with a failing heart receives a healthy heart from a donor to take its place. 

Heart Transplant | Philosophy Care Centers

A treatment option for decompression sickness, serious infections, wound care related to diabetes or radiation injury, and more.

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy | Philosophy Care Centers

Specialized medical care that is designed to provide symptom relief to those diagnosed with a serious illness.

Palliative Care | Philosophy Care Centers

The ability to understand what is being seen and use that understanding for hand-eye coordination. 

Motor and Visual Perceptual Skills | Philosophy Care Centers

A lack of oxygen in the blood which leads to oxygen deficiencies throughout the body. 

Hypoxia | Philosophy Care Centers

A term used to describe limits to a person’s intellectual or adaptive functioning abilities. These abilities include problem-solving, learning, and daily activities such as communication. 

Intellectual Disabilities | Philosophy Care Centers

A medical specialty centered on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease in adults. 

Internal Medicine | Philosophy Care Centers

A treatment used in cases of severe burns to aid fluid management and increase the potential for survival.

IV Fluid Burns | Philosophy Care Centers

A developmental milestone that demonstrates a child’s ability to interact with others in a social manner, typically involving a common interest such as an object. 

Joint Attention and Engagement/Social Skills | Philosophy Care Centers

A mechanical device designed to function as a ventilator, portable oxygen concentrator, cough stimulator, suction, and nebulizer. 

Multi-Function Ventilator | Philosophy Care Centers

Inflammation around the brain and/or spinal cord that is typically caused by a viral or bacterial infection. 

Meningitis | Philosophy Care Centers

A means of helping a patient breathe through the use of a machine or mechanical ventilator. 

Mechanical Ventilation | Philosophy Care Centers

A group of skills that provide the ability to execute movement. Motor planning happens before a person uses their gross and fine motor skills in order to determine how those skills will be used to achieve a goal. 

Motor Planning | Philosophy Care Centers

The inability to properly process information which can make it difficult for an individual to learn and utilize new skills. 

Learning Disorders | Philosophy Care Centers

Therapeutic techniques, often performed by a chiropractor, that are used to improve the mobility of joints and to alleviate pain. 

Joint Mobilization and Manipulation | Philosophy Care Centers

 type of communication disorder that affects an individual’s ability to understand, process, and use language. Symptoms can include difficulty with grammar, inaccurate descriptions, and the inability to think of the correct words to utilize.  

Linguistic Disorders following Brain Injury | Philosophy Care Centers

Outpatient treatment designed to control and monitor the continued use of prescription medications outside of treatment facilities. 

Medication Management | Philosophy Care Centers

A group of muscle diseases caused by genetic mutations. Muscular Dystrophy leads to the progressive weakening of muscles making it difficult to be mobile and complete everyday functions.

Muscular Dystrophy | Philosophy Care Centers

An instance in which a person has almost died as a result of not being able to breathe underwater.

Near Drown | Philosophy Care Centers

A cluster of abnormal cells or tissue mass that forms as the result of rapid cell division. When the cells don’t die as quickly as they should and are being produced faster than they should be, they become clusters that can then become malignant.

Neoplasm | Philosophy Care Centers

A disorder that affects the nerves responsible for controlling voluntary muscles as well as the nerves that relay sensory information to the brain. Neuromuscular Diseases cause cells to become unhealthy and die which leads to muscle weakness and fatigue. 

Neuromuscular Diseases  | Philosophy Care Centers

A type of therapy for individuals who do not receive adequate nourishment from eating or drinking. This is typically the result of problems swallowing, low appetite, malnutrition, or digestive issues.

Nutrition Support | Philosophy Care Centers

A long lasting or recurring disease that affects airways and other lung structures making breathing difficult. 